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The Kingdom of Italy ((イタリア語:Regno d'Italia); (フランス語:Royaume d'Italie)) was a French client state founded in Northern Italy by Napoleon I, fully influenced by revolutionary France, that ended with his defeat and fall. It was governed throughout its existence by Napoleon's step-son, Eugène de Beauharnais, who served as Viceroy for his step-father. ==Constitutional statutes== The Kingdom of Italy was born on March 17, 1805, when the Italian Republic, whose president was Napoleon Bonaparte, became the ''Kingdom of Italy'', with Napoleon I as King of Italy, and the 24-year-old Eugène de Beauharnais his viceroy. Napoleon I was crowned at the Duomo di Milano, Milan on May 26, with the Iron Crown of Lombardy. His title was "Emperor of the French and King of Italy" ((フランス語:Empereur des Français et Roi d'Italie)), showing the importance of this Italian Kingdom for him.〔Desmond Gregory, ''Napoleon's Italy'' (2001)〕 Even though the republican Constitution was never formally abolished, a series of ''Constitutional Statutes'' completely altered it. The first one was proclaimed two days after the birth of the kingdom, on March 19,〔(Text of the Constitution ) 〕 when the Consulta declared Napoleon as king and established that his sons would succeed him, even if the French and the Italian crowns had to be separated after the Emperor's death. The second one, dating from March 29, and regulated the regency, the Great Officials of the kingdom, and the oaths. The most important was the third, proclaimed on June 5, being the real constitution of the kingdom: Napoleon was the head of State, and had the full powers of government; in his absence, he was represented by the Viceroy, Eugène de Beauharnais. The Consulta, Legislative Council, and Speakers, were all merged in a Council of State, whose opinions became only optional and not binding for the king. The Legislative Body, the old parliament, remained in theory, but it never summoned after 1805; the Napoleonic Code was introduced. The fourth Statute, decided on February 16, 1806, indicated Beauharnais as the heir to the throne. The fifth and the sixth Statutes, on March 21, 1808, separated the Consulta from the Council of State, and renamed it the Senate, with the duty of informing the king about the wishes of the most important subjects. The seventh Statute, on September 21, created a new nobility of dukes, counts and barons; the eighth and the ninth, on March 15, 1810, established the annuity for the members of the royal family. In 1812, a Court of Accounts was added. The government had seven ministers: * Minister of War was at first General Augusto Caffarelli, later General Giuseppe Danna for a year, and then, from 1811, General Achille Fontanelli; * Minister of Interior was at first Ludovico Arborio di Breme and then, from 1809, Luigi Vaccari; * Minister for Foreign Affairs was Ferdinando Marescalchi; * Minister of Justice and Great Judge was Giuseppe Luosi; * Minister of Treasury was Antonio Veneri and the, from 1811, Ambrogio Birago; * Minister of Finance was Giuseppe Prina; * Minister of Religion was Giovanni Bovara. File:Andrea Appiani 002.jpg|''Napoleon I'' King of Italy 1805–1814 File:EugeneBeau.jpg|''Eugène de Beauharnais'' Viceroy of Italy 1805–1814 File:Fontanelli.jpg|''Achille Fontanelli'' Minister of War 1811–1813 File:Ferdinando Marescalchi (Guttenbrunn).jpg|''Ferdinando Marescalchi'' Minister of Foreign Affairs 1805–1814 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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